Computer - Application

Business

The computer's characteristic as high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility has made it an integrated part in all business organisations.

Computer is used in business organisation for:

• Payroll Calculations
• Budgeting
• Sales Analysis
• Financial forecasting
• Managing employees database
• Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Banking

Today Banking is almost totally dependent on computer.

Banks provide following facilities:

• Banks on-line accounting facility, which includes current balances, deposits, overdrafts, interest charges, shares and trustee records.
• ATM machines are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks.

Insurance

Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers. The Insurance Companies, Finance houses and Stock broking firms are widely using computers for their concerns.

Insurance Companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information showing:

• how to continue with policies
• starting date of the policies
• next due instalment of a policy
• maturity date
• interests due
• survival benefits
• bonus

Education

The computer has provided a lot of facilities in the Education System.

• The uses of computer provide a tool in the Education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education).
• CBE involves Control, Delivery and Evaluation of learning.
• The computer education is very familiar and rapidly increasing the graph of computer students.
• There are number of methods in which educational institutions can use computer to educate the students.
• It is used for prepare a database about student performance and analyses are carried out.

Marketing

In Marketing uses of computer are following:

• Advertising: With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.
• At Home Shopping: Home shopping has been made possible through use of computerised catalogues that provide access to product information and permit direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers.

Health Care

Computers have become important part in all Medical Systems.

The computers are being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, Ultrasounds and CT Scans, etc., are also done by computerised machines.

Some of major fields of health care in which computers are used:

• Diagnostic System: Computers are used to collect data and identify cause of illness.
• Lab-diagnostic System: All tests can be done and reports are prepared by computer.
• Patient Monitoring System: These are used to check patient's signs for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.
• Pharma Information System: Computer checks Drug-Labels, Expiry dates, harmful drug side effects, etc.
• Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery.

Engineering Design

Computers are widely used in Engineering purposes.

One of major areas is CAD (Computer aided design). CAD provides creation, edition, and modification of image. Some fields are:

• Structural Engineering: Requires stress and strain analysis required for design of Ships, Buildings, Budgets, Airplanes, etc.
• Industrial Engineering: Computers deal with design, implementation and improvement of Integrated systems of people, materials and equipments.
• Architectural Engineering: Computers help in planning towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings.

Military

Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc., employ computerised control systems. Some military areas where a computer has been used are:

• Missile Control
• Military Communication
• Military operation and planning
• Smart Weapons

Communication

Communication means to convey a message, an idea, a picture or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant. Some main areas in this category are:

• E-mail
• Chatting
• Usenet
• FTP
• Telnet
• Video-conferencing

Government Applications

Computers play an important role in government applications. Some major fields in this category are:

• Budgets
• Sales tax department
• Income tax department
• Male/Female ratio
• Computerization of voters lists
• Computerization of Driving Licensing system
• Computerization of PAN card
• Weather Forecasting.

Business

The computer's characteristic as high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility has made it an integrated part in all business organisations.

Computer is used in business organisation for:

• Payroll Calculations
• Budgeting
• Sales Analysis
• Financial forecasting
• Managing employees database
• Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Banking

Today Banking is almost totally dependent on computer.

Banks provide following facilities:

• Banks on-line accounting facility, which includes current balances, deposits, overdrafts, interest charges, shares and trustee records.
• ATM machines are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks.

Insurance

Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers. The Insurance Companies, Finance houses and Stock broking firms are widely using computers for their concerns.

Insurance Companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information showing:

• how to continue with policies
• starting date of the policies
• next due instalment of a policy
• maturity date
• interests due
• survival benefits
• bonus

Education

The computer has provided a lot of facilities in the Education System.

• The uses of computer provide a tool in the Education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education).
• CBE involves Control, Delivery and Evaluation of learning.
• The computer education is very familiar and rapidly increasing the graph of computer students.
• There are number of methods in which educational institutions can use computer to educate the students.
• It is used for prepare a database about student performance and analyses are carried out.

Marketing

In Marketing uses of computer are following:

• Advertising: With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.
• At Home Shopping: Home shopping has been made possible through use of computerised catalogues that provide access to product information and permit direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers.

Health Care

Computers have become important part in all Medical Systems.

The computers are being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, Ultrasounds and CT Scans, etc., are also done by computerised machines.

Some of major fields of health care in which computers are used:

• Diagnostic System: Computers are used to collect data and identify cause of illness.
• Lab-diagnostic System: All tests can be done and reports are prepared by computer.
• Patient Monitoring System: These are used to check patient's signs for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.
• Pharma Information System: Computer checks Drug-Labels, Expiry dates, harmful drug side effects, etc.
• Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery.

Engineering Design

Computers are widely used in Engineering purposes.

One of major areas is CAD (Computer aided design). CAD provides creation, edition, and modification of image. Some fields are:

• Structural Engineering: Requires stress and strain analysis required for design of Ships, Buildings, Budgets, Airplanes, etc.
• Industrial Engineering: Computers deal with design, implementation and improvement of Integrated systems of people, materials and equipments.
• Architectural Engineering: Computers help in planning towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings.

Military

Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc., employ computerised control systems. Some military areas where a computer has been used are:

• Missile Control
• Military Communication
• Military operation and planning
• Smart Weapons

Communication

Communication means to convey a message, an idea, a picture or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant. Some main areas in this category are:

• E-mail
• Chatting
• Usenet
• FTP
• Telnet
• Video-conferencing

Government Applications

Computers play an important role in government applications. Some major fields in this category are:

• Budgets
• Sales tax department
• Income tax department
• Male/Female ratio
• Computerization of voters lists
• Computerization of Driving Licensing system
• Computerization of PAN card
• Weather Forecasting.

Computer Fundamental

Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use.

Computer Overview

Functionalities of a computer

Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms:

• Takes data as input.
• Stores the data/instructions in its memory and can use them when required.
• Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
• Outputs the information.
• Controls all the above four steps.

Definition

Computer System is an electronic data processing device, which does the following:

• Accept and store an input data.
• Process the data input.
• And output the processed data in required format.

Advantages

Following list demonstrates the advantages of Computers in today's arena.

HIGH SPEED

• Computer is a very fast device.
• It is capable of performing addition of very big data.
• The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond and even the picosecond.
• It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man, who can spend many months for doing the same task.

ACCURACY

• In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.
• The computer has performed calculations 100% error-free.
• Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy.

STORAGE CAPABILITY

• Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
• The computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
• It can store large amount of data.
• It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio and any other type.

DILIGENCE

• Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness and lack of concentration.
• It can work continuously without creating any error and boredom.
• It can do repeated work with same speed and accuracy.

VERSATILITY

• A computer is a very versatile machine.
• A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
• This machine can be used to solve the problems relating to various different fields.
• At one instant, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next moment it may be playing a card game.

RELIABILITY

• A computer is a reliable machine.
• Modern electronic components have failure-free long lives.
• Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.

AUTOMATION

• Computer is an automatic machine.
• Automation means ability to perform the task automatically.
• Once a program is given to computer, i.e., stored in computer memory, the program and instructions can control the program execution without human interaction.

REDUCTION IN PAPER WORK

• The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in paper work and speeds up the process.
• As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the problem of maintenance of large number of files gets reduced.

REDUCTION IN COST

• Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high but it substantially reduces the cost of each of its transaction.

Disadvantages

Following list demonstrates the disadvantages of Computers in today's arena.

NO IQ

• A computer is a machine and has no intelligence of its own to perform any task.
• Each and every instruction has to be given to the computer.
• A computer can not take any decision on its own.

DEPENDENCY

• It can perform function as instructed by user, so it is fully dependent on human being.

ENVIRONMENT

• The operating environment of computer should be dust-free and suitable to it.

NO FEELING

• Computer has no feeling or emotions.
• It cannot make judgement based on feeling, taste, experience and knowledge unlike a human being.